Peruvian archaeologist Julio Tello discovered the skulls in 1928 in a massive graveyard in Paracas, desert peninsula in the Pisco Province on the south coast of Peru. Over 300 skulls were discovered and are some of the largest elongated skulls to have been found in the world. www.ibtimes.co.uk/are-paracas-elongated-skulls-new-species-aliens-or-hoax-1435980
The 300 skulls were thought possibly to be formed by skull compression.
"DNA testing has been completed, and these data suggest that the Paracas skulls are human, but “very distant from Homo sapiens, Neanderthal, and the Denisovans”. The morphology of the skulls suggest they were NOT produced by head compression using boards or binding, as the cranial capacity was 25% larger than H. sapiens, and much heavier. But as a vertebrate paleontologist and evolutionary scientist, here’s what I find to be the most intriguing. The parietal bones (some people refer to them as “plates”) in the skulls of modern humans are paired (i.e. there are two of them). In the Paracas skulls, they are fused into one bone, without evidence of a line where they joined (called a “suture” in osteology). In all animals, fusion of paired bones is considered a “derived” or advanced feature. Throughout evolution, from fish to amphibians to reptiles to mammals, there has been a systematic reduction in the number of bones in the skull. Thus, what the Paracas skulls may represent are a more advanced or derived form of human being; so advance in fact they it was probably impossible for them to interbreed with H. sapiens."
"quite mystifying independent increases in brain size that we see in several different lineages within the genus Homo"
"I think it's fair to say that our species Homo sapiens and its antecedents have come much farther, much faster than any other mammalian group that has been documented in this very tight time-frame."
This phenomenon of accelerated evolution is known as "tachytely".
